R. c. Mysliakovskaia, 2013 QCCS 3425 (CanLII)
[14] Pour être pertinent, un moyen de preuve doit d’abord être relié directement ou indirectement à un fait en litige. En d’autres termes, il doit rencontrer un critère de « matérialité » (materiality). Lorsqu’un élément tend à prouver un fait qui n’est pas pertinent au litige, il ne peut être soumis à l’appréciation du juge des faits :
« [ … ] The evidence is material if it is directed at a matter in issue in the case. Hence, evidence that is relevant to an issue in the case will generally be admitted. Indeed, it is a fundamental principle of our law of evidence that any information that has any tendency to prove a fact in issue should be admitted in evidence unless its exclusion is justified on some other grounds: see R. v. Corbett, 1988 CanLII 80 (SCC), [1988] 1 S.C.R. 670 at 715; Morris v. R., 1983 CanLII 28 (SCC), [1983] 2 S.C.R. 190 at 201; and R. v. Seaboyer, 1991 CanLII 76 (SCC), [1991] 2 S.C.R. 577 at 609. »
[15] Dans l'affaire R. v. Jacobson, le juge Ferguson de la Cour supérieure de l'Ontario définit en ces termes ce premier volet de la pertinence:
« The proposition which the proffered evidence is intended to prove or disprove must be material.
"As long as "Fact B" is itself a material fact in issue or is relevant to a material fact in issue in the litigation then "Fact A" is relevant … ". R. v. Watson, op.cit., at 3223-4.
Like relevance, materiality must be considered in the context of all the evidence. The proposition or fact sought to be proved may be only one part of the chain of proof. "Relevance must be assessed in the context of the entire case and the respective positions taken by the Crown and the defence…". R. v. Watson op.cit., at 323.
The defence contends that the proffered evidence is not relevant because the facts it tends to prove are no longer material because of two factors: the rejected plea of manslaughter and the admissions.
The cases often describe what is material by using terms like "a fact in issue" (R. v. Watson, op.cit.) or "a live issue in the case" (R. v. White and Cote 1998 CanLII 789 (SCC), (1998), 125 C.C.C. (3d) 385 (S.C.C.) at para.26) or "real issue in dispute" (R. v. White and Cote, at para. 32). »
[16] Un peu plus loin, le juge Ferguson ajoute :
« My review of the cases put before me indicates that these rules apply:
(…)
c) A fact alleged by the Crown which is relevant to the elements of an offence or a potential defence is a matter in issue in the trial and the Crown and the defence may adduce evidence to prove it. »
[17] La matérialité est un « concept juridique ». Pour déterminer si un élément de preuve rencontre ce critère, il importe de prendre en considération les chefs d’accusation, le droit substantif définissant les infractions reprochées, les modes de participation, justifications, excuses ou défenses envisageables, sans oublier les règles de procédure applicables aux faits de l’affaire.
[18] En somme, l’élément de preuve doit porter sur l’un des éléments constitutifs d’une infraction reprochée, ou sur une défense potentielle.
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