R. c. Geoffroy, 2004 CanLII 209 (QC CA),
[14] Le juge Ritchie écrit, pour la majorité de la Cour suprême dans l’arrêt King:
The existence of mens rea as an essential ingredient of an offence and the method of proving the existence of that ingredient are two different things, and I am of opinion that when it has been proved that a driver was driving a motor vehicle while his ability to do so was impaired by alcohol or a drug, then a rebuttable presumption arises that his condition was voluntarily induced and that he is guilty of the offence created by s. 223 and must be convicted unless other evidence is adduced which raises a reasonable doubt as to whether he was, through no fault of his own, disabled when he undertook to drive and drove, from being able to appreciate and know that he was or might become impaired.
If the driver's lack of appreciation when he undertook to drive was induced by voluntary consumption of alcohol or of a drug which he knew or had any reasonable ground for believing might cause him to be impaired, then he cannot, of course, avoid the consequences of the impairment which results by saying that he did not intend to get into such a condition but if the impairment has been brought about without any act of his own will, then, in my view, the offence created by s. 223 cannot be said to have been committed.
(…)
(…) That is to say, that a man who becomes impaired as the result of taking a drug on medical advice without knowing its effect cannot escape liability if he became aware of his impaired condition before he started to drive his car just as a man who did not appreciate his impaired condition when he started to drive cannot escape liability on the ground that his lack of appreciation was brought about by voluntary consumption of liquor or drug.
(pp. 763 et 764)
[15] Ces principes demeurent valables et continuent de faire autorité. Que retenir de cet enseignement ?
[16] D’abord que la mens rea, un élément essentiel de l’infraction reprochée, est présumée lorsqu’une personne conduit une automobile alors que ses facultés sont affaiblies à cause de la consommation d’alcool ou d’une drogue. Cette situation est censée résulter d’actes accomplis volontairement.
[17] Ensuite que la culpabilité peut être écartée, si une preuve soulève un doute raisonnable sur la capacité qu’avait cette personne, au moment où elle a décidé de conduire, de réaliser le caractère sérieux et inadéquat de son état sans une faute de sa part. Ainsi, un accusé pourra soulever, par exemple, qu’il ignorait que la prise d’un médicament pouvait altérer ses facultés. Après l’avoir ingéré, il serait trop tard. N’étant plus en mesure de réaliser l’affaiblissement de ses facultés et le caractère sérieux de son état, il conduirait alors une automobile sans intention coupable.
[18] Il va de soi que si l'incapacité prouvée découle de la consommation volontaire d’alcool ou d’une drogue que l’on savait ou devait savoir susceptible de produire cet effet, la personne fautive ne pourra se disculper en disant qu’elle ne voulait pas aller si loin.
[19] Ne peut donc être reconnue coupable la personne qui soulève un doute raisonnable sur son intention coupable. Cependant, cette personne who becomes impaired as the result of taking a drug on medical advice without knowing its effect cannot escape liability if he became aware of his impaired condition before he started to drive his car (motifs du juge Ritchie, précité). De fait, King ne savait pas, en quittant le cabinet du dentiste, que l'injection de penthotal pouvait encore avoir des effets.
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