R. c. Barrais, 2009 QCCQ 2664 (CanLII)
[60] Pour que l'accusé soit déclaré coupable d'une telle infraction, la poursuite doit établir hors de tout doute raisonnable l'élément intentionnel autant pour l'infraction d'origine que pour celle prévue à l'article 467.12.
[61] Dans R. v. Lindsay, [2004] O.J. no 845, madame la juge Fuerst, de la Cour supérieure de l'Ontario, écrit :
« I agree with the applicants that s. 467.12 is an offence that carries significant stigma on conviction, and at least the prospect of a substantial penalty. I am unable to agree that it imposes liability on an accused who has less than a subjective mens rea. In order to convict an accused under this provision, the Crown must prove that he/she had the requisite mens rea for the particular predicate offence involved, and that the accused acted for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a criminal organization. The Crown takes the position, and I agree, that there is an implicit requirement that the accused committed the predicate offence with the intent to do so for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with a group he/she knew had the composition of a criminal organization, although the accused need not have known the identities of those in the group. »
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