R. c. Gagnon, 2013 QCCS 3567 (CanLII)
[45] Dans l'arrêt R. c. Jean-Jacques, la Cour d'appel écrit :
[6] L'intimé prétend que la norme d'intervention applicable en pareille matière fait en sorte que les tribunaux d'appel doivent faire preuve d'une retenue considérable. Il a tort. À cet égard, il convient de citer la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario :
[5] Second, the respondent’s counsel submitted that the trial judge’s findings are findings of fact deserving of deference, absent palpable or overriding error. I do not agree. In R. v. Chatwell 1998 CanLII 3560 (ON CA), (1998), 122 C.C.C. (3d) 162 (Ont. C.A.), appeal to S.C.C. quashed1998 CanLII 784 (SCC), (1998), 125 C.C.C. (3d) 433 (S.C.C.), this court applied the normal standard of review to the assessment of institutional delay. The court said (at para. 10):
The determination of whether certain factors constitute institutional delay for the purpose of an analysis pursuant to s. 11(b) of the Charter is one which, in our opinion, attracts the normal standard of appellate scrutiny. The adjudication of the s. 11(b) rights of an accused is not akin to the exercise of judicial discretion.
[6] In R. v. Qureshi, 2004 CanLII 40657 (ON CA), (2004), 190 C.C.C. (3d) 453 at para. 27 (Ont. C.A.), Laskin J.A. stated that a trial judge’s accounting of the inherent time requirements is to be reviewed on a standard of correctness. In my view, this applies to the process of assessing the various periods of delay, ascribing legal character to them and allocating them to the various categories set out in R. v. Morin, 1992 CanLII 89 (SCC), (1992), 71 C.C.C. (3d) 1 (S.C.C.). For example, whether the Crown had produced documents by a certain date is a question of fact. However, the questions of whether the failure to produce those documents constitutes a failure of the Crown’s duty of disclosure and whether such failure makes the Crown responsible for ensuing delay, involve the application of legal principles. The questions raised by this appeal primarily involve alleged errors in the way the trial judge accounted for various time periods, which is reviewable on a standard of correctness.
[7] En somme, s'il est acquis qu'il faut faire preuve d'une grande déférence quant aux conclusions de fait du juge de première instance, il en va autrement de la qualification des délais. Quant à l'évaluation du préjudice, il s'agit d'une question pouvant donner lieu à une erreur mixte de fait et de droit.
[46] La qualification des délais appelle l'application de la décision correcte et l'évaluation du préjudice appelle l'application de la norme d'intervention relative aux erreurs mixtes de fait et de droit.
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