Les critères pertinents dans l'appréciation de la gravité subjective de l'enlèvement lors de la détermination de la peine

R. v. Brar, 2014 BCCA 175

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[23]        Kidnappings do not fall into distinct categories. However, the jurisprudence identifies multiple criteria that are indicative of the gravity of the offence on a spectrum, including:

a)   the purpose of the kidnapping, specifically whether it is carried out for ransom or as a means of extorting a payment or repayment from the victim;

b)   the extent to which there is planning and premeditation;

c)   the length and conditions of the confinement;

d)   the extent to which there is violence, torture or significant physical injuries;

e)   whether third parties are threatened;

f)     whether guns are used;

g)   whether there is gang involvement;

h)   whether the kidnapping occurs in the course of the commission of another offence; and

i)     the circumstances in which the kidnapping ends.

See, for example, the discussion in R. v. Sookram, 1982 ABCA 364, referring, at para. 15 to R. Paul Nadin-Davis, Sentencing in Canada (Toronto: Carswell, 1982).