La fourchette des peines pour le crime d'enlèvement et les principes permettant d'apprécier la gravité de l'infraction et la culpabilité morale du contrevenant

R. v. Okito, 2023 ONSC 1514

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[25]      In the case of R. v. Babin, 1998 CanLII 15020 (BCCA) the British Columbia Court of Appeal described the range of sentence for kidnapping:

The classic form of kidnapping, that which attracts penalties in the 10 years to life range, usually involves a carefully planned scheme for ransom with a period of confinement much longer than several hours and where the victim is bound, gagged, and sometimes blindfolded.  This case is technically a kidnapping but in my opinion it is more like the second group of cases.  It bears a greater resemblance to an extortion or a robbery accompanied by a relatively short period of confinement.  I would put the appropriate range at four to six years.

[26]      In R. v. Brar, 2014 BCCA 175 at para 23, the British Columbia Court of Appeal rejected a categorical approach to the range but set out factors to be considered in determining the gravity of the offence. Those factors are:

(a)               the purpose of the kidnapping, specifically whether it is carried out for ransom or as a means of extorting a payment or repayment from the victim;

(b)               the extent to which there is planning and premeditation;

(c)               the length and conditions of the confinement;

(d)               the extent to which there is violence, torture or significant physical injuries;

(e)               whether third parties are threatened;

(f)               whether guns are used;

(g)               whether there is gang involvement;

(h)               whether the kidnapping occurs in the course of the commission of another offence; and

(i)                 the circumstances in which the kidnapping ends.